Iodine

Overview:

Iodine is an essential trace mineral necessary for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development. It is critical for proper thyroid function and overall endocrine health.

Sources:

Iodine is naturally present in seafood, dairy products, eggs, and iodized salt. It is also available in supplement form, often as potassium iodide or sodium iodide.

Functions:

Thyroid Hormone Production: Iodine is a key component of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolism and energy production.

Growth and Development: Adequate iodine levels are crucial for brain development and growth, particularly during pregnancy and early childhood.

Metabolic Regulation: Iodine helps regulate metabolic processes, including heart rate, body temperature, and protein synthesis.

Deficiency:

Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland), hypothyroidism, and developmental issues in children, such as cretinism. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, and cognitive impairment.

Toxicity:

Excessive iodine intake can cause hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism and may lead to thyroid gland inflammation. The upper intake level for adults is 1,100 micrograms per day. It is essential to balance iodine intake and consult healthcare providers for appropriate supplementation.